מה זה רסטילן? רסטילן (®Restylane)  היא קבוצה של מוצרים המבוססים על חומצה היאלורונית. רסטילן מיוצר על ידי חברת Q-med  ונכנס לשימוש באירופה כבר ב1996. בשנת 2003 רסטילן קבל אישור ע/blockquote>

מאמר מעולה ומקיף לגבי שימוש ברסטילן.

 

כיום בישראל מילוי קמטים נהיה מאד פופולארי. עם הטכנולוגיה הרפואית הקיימת במרפאות אסתטיקה, באמת אין צורך להשלים עם שינויי הגיל. אפשר לקבל טיפול טוב ויעיל ללא ניתוח, המסיר מספר שנים מהמראה. אם התחלתם להתעניין בוודאי נתקלתם במגוון רחב של חומרים למילוי קמטים. בכתבה זו נסקור את המוצרים השמשמים למילוי קמטים.

מילוי קמטים באמצעות סיליקון

סיליקון נמצא בשימוש רפואי שנים רבות. הסגולה של סיליקון היא שהחומר נחשב למוצר קבוע. עם זאת, השימוש בסיליקון למילוי קמטים הינו שנוי במחלקות . בחו”ל רופאים בדרך כלל מעדיפים לא להזריק סיליקון, אבל בארץ השימוש הינו יחסית נפוץ. מילוי קמטים באמצעות סיליקון הינו ללא ספק הטיפול הזול ביותר במחינת עלות, אבל כאשר מדובר בבריאות מומלץ לא ללכת על טיפולים רק מבחינת מחיר. השימוש בסיליקון שנוי במחלוקת עקב מספר סיבות. קיימים תיאורים של יצירת גבשושיות תת עורית כתוצאה מהטיפול ונדידה של המוצר. תופעות לוואי אלו יכולות להיות קבועות ובמקרים מסויימים מצריכות התערבות ניתוחית.

Silicon_injection

סיליקון יכול להיות יחסית בטוח, אבל רק כאשר הוזרק על ידי רופאים עם שנים רבות של ניסיון. טיפול בסיליקון מצירך מספר הזרקות באינטרוולים של בין חודש לחודשיים.

ארטיפיל למילוי קמטים

ארטיפיל הינו חומר מלאכותי אשר אושר על ידי הFDA ב2007. בדומה לסיליקון, הוא גם חומר קבוע ומשמש בעיקר למילוי קמטים באזור הלחיים, בין האף לבין הפה. החומר מורכב על ידי PMMA ונמצא בתוך ג’ל. מילוי קמטים עם ארטיפיל נבדק על ידי מספר מחקרים גדולים ונמצא יעיל ובטוח לשימוש. מחקר חשוב אשר בדק תוצאות חמש שנים לאחר הטיפול מקורי הוכיח שתוצאת מילוי הקמטים נשמרו ועם מעט מקרים של תופעות לוואי. קיים סיכון ליצירת גבשושיות בדומה לסיליקון, אבל לרוב ניתן לטפל בהם ללא כריתה כירורגית.

רדיאס למילוי קמטים

מילוי קמטים עם רדיאס הינו יחסית נפוץ כיום. רדיאס מכיל חומר פעיל בשם calcium hydroxylapatite והוא חומר מילוי זמני. רדיאס נוטה לגרום לתוצאה ליותר זמן מאשר חומצה היאלורונית, עם תקופת השפעה ממוצעת של שנה. עם זאת, יש תיאורים של יצירת גושי סידן לאחר הזרקה, במיוחד לאחר טיפול בקמטים שטחיים ובמילוי שפתיים. רדיאס מתאים במיוחד למילוי קמטים בינוניים ומעלה באנשים שמודעים לסיכונים האפשריים ובכל זאת רוצים תוצאה לתווך ארוך. בהחלט רצוי לא להשתמש ברדיאס להגדלת שפתיים או לטיפול בקמטים זעירים.

חומצה היאלורונית למילוי קמטים

חומצה היאלורונית הינו החומר המוסכם ביותר כיום למילוי קמטים. הסיבה לזאת עקב פרופיל הבטיחות המעולה של החומצה. חומצה היאלורונית גורמת לתוצאה זמנית של כ6-9 חודשים בממוצע. יתכן שהשפעת החומר תימשך עד שנה וחצי. מילוי קמטים עם חומצה היאלורונית מצריך טיפול במועד אחד ומומלץ לחזור על הטיפול לאחר שהקמטים חוזרים.

יש מספר סוגים שונים של החומצה אשר משמשות לטיפול בקמטים שונים. יש הרבה חברות המייצרות את החומצה והחומר מופץ תחת שמות ידועות, כמו לדוגמה, ג’ובידרם.

Wrinkle_filling

ביו-אלקמיד למילוי קמטים

ביואלקמיד (BIOALCAMID) הינו חומר מילוי קבוע אשר כיום עוד לא לשימוש בארה”ב. עד היום היו רק מעט מחקרים שעסקו בנושא בטיחות החומר. כיום ביואלקמיד נמצא בעיקר בשימוש למילוי נפח בחולי איידס. ביואלקמיד בהחלט יכול לגרום לגושים אשר מאד קשים לטיפול ולרוב מצריכים כריתה כירורגית. יש גם רופאים האומרים שביו-אלקמיד יכול להיות מסרטן, אבל חשוב לאמור שאמרה זו שנויה במחלוקת.

הסקר הקצר נועד ליידע צרכנים לגבי האופציות מבחינת החומרים למילוי קמטים. מבחינת בטיחות, מומלץ מילוי קמטים באמצעות חומצה היאלורונית. במקרה ובטיחות החומר פחות חשובה לכם אז ניתן לשקול להשתמש בסיליקון, ארטיפיל או רדיאס אשר מקנים השפעה לתקופה ממושכת.

אפשר לעיין בעוד כתבי עט בתחום רפואה אסתטית.

 

 
אזור המצח רגיש בפני יצירת קמטים.  עקב סיבות מרובות אנשים מקבצים את המצח ועל ידי כך מביאים להופעת כפלים בעור. לאחר זמן מה הכפלים גורמים לחריטת קמטים בעור המצח.  יש יחס

 

Trading Dividends with Options

On November 21, 2011, in Options Strategies, by admin

This options trading video shows how to handle special dividends. Follow this test trade – this is part 1 of 2.

To go more in depth and learn how to trade options with tactical option trading strategies, go to the options trading course.

 

Trading Corporate Earnings with Options

On November 20, 2011, in Options Strategies, by admin

Trading corporate options with earnings is a fantastic option trading strategy.  Stock traders should listen up.

Below are two introductory videos on how to trade options around earnings:

 

And here is the second part of the introduction of how to trade earnings:

For more options trading education, check out these options trading videos.

 

Trading Psychology is Bunk

Well at least that’s what I thought.  I never paid much attention to all those chapters in the trading books on trade psychology.

I thought that the only purpose of the trading psychology chapters was to inflate the book in order to make it appear more serious.

I also thought that I would be disciplined enough in order to avoid common trading mistakes.  Well boy was I wrong.

The more I’ve been in the trading game, the more I come to realize how truly important trading psychology is.

Example of a trade gone horribly wrong

I’d like to give you a recent example of a trade I put on so that you can hopefully learn from my mistakes.  Unfortunately I know that you WILL make the same mistakes regardless of what I say here.  This is the type of thing that you have to learn the hard way.  Hopefully when you make your trading mistakes you will still have enough money to keep trading.

Recently I opened a trade using a trade structure that I don’t normally use.  I have a very profitable trading strategy that I used consistently and that has been highly effective for me.  In this case I saw an opportunity and I initiated a different type of trade.

This in itself is not a major problem.  However in general you should stick to trading strategies that you know are effective.  I teach a very effective type of trading strategy in my options trading course.

When trying out new strategies, which this is what I did in the example, you should use a smaller sum of money.  In this example I put the trade on using the same amount of capital as I would on tried and tested strategies.

The trade structure that I put on was a short call on Deutsche Bank (DB) following a lot of negative sentiment in the market.

An extremely important aspect of trading strategy and risk management is to have a set amount of capital that you are willing to put at risk.  For me I set the maximum that I’m willing to put at risk at 5% of capital for any one trade.

In this case the day after I opened the trade DB rallied.  This resulted in my trade already hitting my 5% loss on capital.

What I should have done at this point is to close the losing trade.  However this is where psychology starts to come into play.

When faced with a losing trade I started to resort to “magical” thinking.  I started to act more like a gambler than a trader and risk management just flew out of the window.

I thought – “Ok, I’ll just hang on to this trade another day.  The market is sure to turn, sentiment is really bearish, and the trade will become profitable.”  And so on it went.  The next day the trade had reached a loss of 10% of capital and I kept on the same path.  I was “sure” that the next day the price would drop.   At the end of day I was close to closing the losing trade.  I hesitated and thought that I would trust in luck.  I started praying to G*D to make the trade successful (you know that things must have gotten really desperate here).  In the end I left the trade open and decided to close it the next day.

Surprise surprise – the next day the trade was at a loss of 18% of capital!  Finally without hesitating I closed the trade.

So for all you options traders out there – THAT IS HOW YOU LOSE MONEY.

Feeling you get after a losing trade

The next thing that was interesting to note were my feelings after this losing trade.  One feeling that I experienced was of depression (of course).  The next day I had a potential trade to put on using my tried and true option trading strategy. In the end I didn’t put the trade on because the wind had been taken out of my sales.  This of course is not great.

The second and more worrying was a sense that I need to “make back” the money I lost.  This is the classic feeling that a gambler experiences when he loses and is probably the main driver causing gamblers to lose more and more money and sink further into debt. Even now I can still feel this sensation… and it really worries me.

This is when trading become closer to gambling.  And that is how to lose a lot of money.  I really have to reign this feeling in.  To make sure that my trades are executed with proper risk management in mind.  To make sure that I have stop losses set on my trades and that I go through and analyse my trades before I execute them.

 

Lessons learned about trading psychology

I’m going to distill the lessons I learnt to a few dot points.  Please read these and take them on board.  Most of all I want to prevent myself from making the same mistakes!  The above trade would not have been a disaster had I closed it at the initial point.  I would still have been with an overall nice gain for the year.  My actions however lead to all my carefully planned gains to be erased and even to be at an overall loss!

  1. Trade your tried and proven strategies.
  2. DON’T trade strategies which have proven ineffective.
  3. When trying new trading strategies use a much smaller amount of money for the trade.
  4. Set stop losses at a predetermined acceptable loss for the trade.
  5. Set a maximum amount of capital your are willing to lose on a trade (5% for me).  Exit the trade immediately when you reach this loss level.
  6. Taking a small loss is much better than taking a big loss!
What do you think?  Have you experienced similar trading mistakes?  Any risk management tips you’d like to add?  Leave your comments below!
David Jay

Future of the US economy

On September 8, 2011, in Uncategorized, by admin

The future of the US economy is set to be decided to a great extent tonight after the Barak Obama’s speech.  The time of the Obama speech is set to 7pm on Thursday the 8th of September.

The unemployment rate hasn’t budged from the 9.2% mark.  This level is extremely worrying and worse still is the stagnant trend.  At this rate the US economy is set for a drawn out bumpy phase and possibly even the dreaded “R” word of recession.  

It seems that Barak Obama doesn’t have the power to pull the US economy out of the pit of despair that it is in.  If you are hoping for a change to the current bear market then you are in for a shock.  Most likely Obama’s speech will lead to disappointment and this will potentially lead to another stock market crash.  Traders holding bullish options positions should beware tonight.  Hopefully you’ll still have a shirt to put on tomorrow morning when the stock market opens.

Most likely the Obama speech will raise potential infrastructure based job schemes such as road building.  This is far from an adequate stimulus for the US economy.  The real focus should be to tackle the debt issue which is the major bug bear of the US economy at the moment.

More critical for Barak Obama and the US as a whole is to ensure bipartisan focus to tackle the dreaded economic woes.  It’s time Republicans and Democrats put aside their swords and started acting for the better good rather than partisan interests.

Tomorrow will make for a critical trading day.  

 

Tomorrow Ben Bernanke will be releasing his critical speech from Jackson Hole.

What he says could shake the foundations of our economy.  The markets will respond violently, 

but it’s not clear if the market will crash or soar.

 

Ben Bernanke’s last speech gave rise to another round of quantitative easing which sent markets higher. 

Many are speculating that Bernanke will announce another round of quantitative easing.

 

Despite the media buzzing about the Jackson Hole speech, very few have actually stated the exact time that

Bernanke will speak.

 

You can find out the exact timing of the Bernanke Speech at Jackson Hole.

 

As part of The Options Trading Course we’ll compare to option trading strategies in regards to closure of the position.  This is a case study of a Russell 2000 Index Iron condor and a PCLN short straddle.  Both positions were opened prior to the weekend to take advantage of time decay over the weekend and an expected fall in volatility.

Iron Condor Option Strategy on Russell 2000 Index

Iron condors are composed of two vertical spreads.  The components are a bull credit spread and a bear credit spread.  Each of these vertical spreads are in turn composed of both long and short option positions.  You can already see that this is quite a cumbersome strategy due to the large number of options positions involved!

Numerous options contracts also means lots of revenue for the brokerage firms!  At $1.50 per contract and trading a 10 contract iron condor this will add up to $120 in commissions for a round trip trade.

In this particular trade of a Russell 2000 index iron condor, option liquidity and wide bid-ask spreads made this a challenging position to close.  With a spread of approximately fifty cents to one dollar, closing a position like a vertical spread which involves more than one option position is a challenge.  I found that I had to move my ask price closer to the natural price in order to get a fill.  This is all despite the index having large trading volumes and high open interest.

In all, the iron condor strategy can be useful where you expect volatility to fall and to benefit from a high theta (time decay).  Additionally iron condors are attractive due to limited potential loss and the ability to adjust option positions.

It would be preferable to trade stock options or index options which have narrower bid-ask spreads and with higher liquidity.  The SPY (S&P 500 ETF) is a better choice, with bid-ask spreads of only two cents or so.

PCLN short strangle

PCLN options also have wide bid-ask spreads.  This varies from $0.50 to $1.00 or more.  However this trade was easier to close since PCLN options have wildly varying implied volatility. 

In order to close the trade I entered a bid prior to market open.  The price I offered was calculated according to the theoretical price taking into account time decay and expected changes in volatility.  The open of trade showed an initially elevated volatility level which crashed after about five minutes and allowed me to fill by trade at the price I set.

This particular trade was closed in a staggered manner.  Having followed European and Australian markets prior to the NYSE open I anticipated a general tendency for the share price to rise.  My initial priority was to close out the short call leg which would be threatened by a rising stock price.

In all the PCLN short straddle was much easier to close than the Russell 2000 iron condor since it wsa a much less complex position. 

Overall it is harder to fill orders for iron condor trades however this option trading strategy is more forgiving since the position is relatively easy to adjust and has limited loss. 

PCLN options exhibited marked volatility swings which make trading this stock option hard to manage. 

In all it is important to select assets to trade which are as liquid as possible since this will directly affect profitability.  

 

 

Intraday long straddle trading

On August 5, 2011, in Uncategorized, by admin

Trading Tips for the Long Straddle Options Trading Strategy

 

Intraday long straddle trading can be highly profitable

There are several keys to make successful trades:

  • Use underlying assets that you know and understand.
    • You should use assets that you have thoroughly analyzed.
    • Don’t carry out trades on “gut instinct” or emotion.
    • Choose to trade on days that you have defined as particularly advantageous to trade (see example below):

Aapl_standard_deviation_change_per_weekday

For example, from the graph above you can see that Apple (AAPL) stock exhibits a tendency for large Open to Close price changes particularly on Mondays and Fridays.  Fridays is the best potential trading day since AAPL has Weekly Options and this means that every Friday is expiration Friday.  This means that the options are relatively cheap due to time decay and since this is a highly volatile day with an average of a one standard deviation price change there are ample opportunities to use the long straddle option trading strategy. 

Day_range_for_aapl

The above table strengthens the argument to use AAPL weekly options as an expiration day trade. One standard deviation in dollars for AAPL is currently approximately $6.  The table shows that about 60% of Fridays in 2011 exhibit Intraday Trading Range above $6.  Further analysis reveals that over 33% of Fridays in 2011 exhibit a day trading range of above $8. 

Open the trading strategy when the stock crosses a strike

Straddles are the preferred trade.  They are less sensitive to implied volatility changes than strangles and so are less vulnerable to price decay. This is especially important if carrying out trades on expiration day, which is characterized by a volatility crash.  If carrying out the trade relatively far from expiration then strangles can be advanageous, since they are relatively cheaper than straddles.

The straddles are also least expensive at the strike price and get more expensive as the stock moves away from the strike.

Important Options Trading Secret!

It is very important to purchase the straddle at a good price.  Positions can quickly be eroded by volatility decline, especially on expiration days. The strategy that I found works best is to send out an order at a particularly low price for a straddle before the stock crosses the strike price.  Options markets tend to exhibit rather erratic volatility swings and this can result in momentary glitches which can a sudden rise or fall in options prices.  I often fill my orders at ridiculously low prices and can almost instantly turn a profit.  This is quite a surprising (and rewarding) feature of the options markets!  A low purchase price increases the margin of safety for the trade.

 

Closing the Long Straddle

The long straddle initially should be delta neutral. This means that the position is relatively insensitive to directionality – i.e. the trade can profit if the stock moves either up or down in price.  This is achieved by buying both calls and puts aiming to achieve a delta as close to zero as possible.

You should predefine a profit taking zone.  This will usually be as the stock crosses the next strike price, especially on expiration Fridays.  You should take into account the average day range for the particular day and the Open to Close average in standard deviation for that particular day in order to set reasonable profit taking goals.

One should aim to chip at the market rather than aiming for a one time windfall.  As the stock moves away from the purchase strike price, it is no longer delta neutral and begins to exhibit a high delta.  This means that you can profit if the stock keeps moving in the same direction, however if the stock reverses direction all profit will be lost.

The answer is to frequently open and close long straddles or strangles as it comes into your profit zone and take money out of the market.  You can then re-open another long straddle at the new strike price which is now delta neutral.

You can click on the link to see an example of an intraday straddle trade using AAPL weekly options.

If you want to learn how to trade options please visit The Options Trading Course for more information.